Poultry litter remains hot issue for states


By Mike Surbrugg
Globe Farm Editor
3/5/06

AFTON, Okla. - Chickens in Eastern Oklahoma and Northwest Arkansas generate a lot of income and a lot of manure.

There are 700 poultry farms in Oklahoma along the Arkansas border, said Mitch Fram, Oklahoma State University area water-quality specialist. Fram addressed a farm meeting recently in Afton.

The 700 farms have capacity to house 56 million broilers at one time and 300 million a year. These birds should generate 300,000 tons of litter a year, he said.

Northwest Arkansas farms have a capacity of 1.1 million broilers a year that can generate 1.23 million tons of litter, he said.

The concentration of manure in eastern Oklahoma has hurt water quality with excessive algae and nutrients, he said.

A lot of litter is spread as fertilizer on pastures where it is cycled through animals back to the land. Fertilizer options are limited because the poultry area has little land suited for grain crops, he said.

Water-quality issues increase in the spring when most broiler growers clean bedding from birdhouses. That is when heavy rains can carry litter off fields, he said.

Using litter to meet nitrogen needs builds phosphorus in the soil, Fram said.

Soil tests across Oklahoma show 18 percent of the state has excess levels of phosphorus. However, in Delaware County, 58 percent has excessive levels at more than 120 pounds per acre. Tests in Northwest Arkansas show 75 percent of land has excessive levels of phosphorus, he said.

Poultry companies in 2002 paid the city of Tulsa $7 million to settle a water dispute, he said. A similar suit is pending in Oklahoma that could result in larger payments.

Litter needs to be removed from smaller farms out of sensitive watersheds, he said. Many fields within 100 miles of the poultry area need phosphorus, he said. Alternative uses for poultry litter have generated a lot of talk and few results, Fram said.

Regulations covering litter handling, hauling and spreading on fields differs between watersheds. There are financial incentives in some areas.

Details can be obtained from county U.S. Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service offices.

OSU and the state have a program that lists names of people wanting litter, those with litter to sell, names of haulers and those who clean poultry houses. The list can be obtained by calling 800-583-7131 or at www.ok-littermarket.org.

BMPs is a private firm at Farmington, Ark., that can work with farmers to secure financial help to get poultry litter moved out of sensitive watersheds. People wanting to sell or buy litter can call BMPs, 1-866-304-2784. The FAX number is (479) 267-0079 and the address is P.O. Box 1086, Farmington, Ark. 72730.